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3. Testimonials - don't know anybody that has bought a New Sweden? Wrong! If the New Sweden is good the internet will let you know. Use the Internet as a friend and get testimonials before you buy.
4. Questions - Got a question about New Sweden then search the Forums, FAQ's, Blogs etc. Don't be afraid to ask .....
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6. Returns - still worried that even after all of the above your New Sweden wont be what you want? Check out the returns policy. There is so much competition now that someone, somewhere is bound to offer the terms that you are comfortable with.
7. Feedback - happy with your New Sweden then let people know, after all you are depending on others people input in your buying decision, so why not give a little back.
8. Security - check for the yellow padlock on the New Sweden site before you buy, and the s after http:/ /i.e. https:// = a secure site
9. Contact - got a question about New Sweden, or want to leave a comment then check out the sites contact page. Reputable companies have them and respond.
10. Payment - ready to pay for your New Sweden, then use your credit card or PayPal! Be aware of companies that don't accept them, there may be genuine reasons but given the huge amount of choice you have when buying online there is no reason at all not to buy via credit card or PayPal.
New Sweden, or
Nya Sverige, was a small Sweden settlement along the
Delaware River on the
Mid-Atlantic coast of
North America. It was centered at
Fort Christina, now in
Wilmington, Delaware, Delaware, and included parts of the present-day United States states of Delaware, New Jersey, and
Pennsylvania. The settlement was founded
March 29,
1638, and was incorporated into
Netherlands New Netherland on
September 15,
1655. Along with
Swedish people, a large number of the settlers were
Finnish people and
Dutch people.
History
and war ensign, version used until the mid-1600s.By the middle of the
17th century, the Realm of Sweden had reached its greatest territorial extent and was one of the great powers of Europe. Sweden then included Swedish Finland and
Swedish Estonia along with parts of modern Swedish Ingria,
Swedish Pomerania,
Bremen-Verden and Swedish Livonia. The Swedes sought to expand their influence by creating an agricultural (tobacco) and fur-trading colony to bypass France and Great Britain merchants. The New Sweden Company was chartered and included Swedish, Dutch and German stockholders.
The first Swedish expedition to North America embarked from the port of
Gothenburg in late 1637. It was organized and overseen by Admiral
Clas Fleming (admiral), an ethnic Swede from Finland. A Dutchman,
Samuel Blommaert, assisted the fitting-out and appointed
Peter Minuit to lead the expedition.
The members of the expedition, aboard the ships
Fogel Grip and
Kalmar Nyckel, sailed into
Delaware Bay, which lay within the territory claimed by the Netherlands, passing Cape May and Cape Henlopen in late March 1638, and anchored at a rocky point on the Minquas Kill that is known today as
Swedes' Landing. They built a fort on the present site of the city of Wilmington, Delaware, which they named Fort Christina, after Queen Christina of Sweden.
In the following years, 600
Swedes (and also a number of Dutchmen and Germans in Swedish service) settled in the area. In actual fact, the settlement constituted an invasion of
New Netherland, since the river and the land in question had previously been explored and claimed for that colony.
Peter Minuit was to become the first governor of the newly established colony of New Sweden. Having been the Director of the Dutch West India Company, and the predecessor of then-Director William Kieft, Minuit knew the status of the lands on either side of the Delaware River at that time. He knew that the Dutch had established deeds for the lands east of the river (New Jersey), but not for the lands to the west (Maryland, Delaware, and Pennsylvania).
Minuit made good on his appointment by landing on the west bank of the river, gathered the chiefs of the local Native American Tribes, held a conclave in his cabin on the
Kalmar Nyckel, and persuaded them to sign some deeds he had prepared for the purpose to solve any issue with the Dutch.
The segment of land he purchased from the Chiefs included the land on the west side of the South River from just below the
Schuylkill River; in other words, today's
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, southeast Pennsylvania, Delaware, and Maryland.
Director Kieft objected to the landing of the Swedes, but Minuit ignored his missive because he knew that the Dutch were militarily impotent at the moment. Minuit finished Fort Christina during 1638, then departed to return to Stockholm, Sweden for a second load, and made a side trip to the
Caribbean to pick up a shipment of tobacco for resale in Europe to make the voyage profitable. Minuit died while on this voyage during a tropical cyclone at Saint Kitts in the Caribbean.
Thus, the official duties of the first governor of New Sweden were carried out by Lieutenant (then raised to the rank of Captain)
Måns Nilsson Kling, until the next governor was chosen and brought in from the mainland Sweden, two years later. Shorto, Russell,
The Island at the Center of the World, Part II; Chapter 6; Pages 115-117.
In 1643 the company expanded along the river from Fort Christina, and established
Fort Nya Elfsborg on the north bank near present-day Salem, New Jersey. In May
1654, the Dutch Fort Casimir was captured by soldiers from the New Sweden colony led by governor Johan Rising. The fort was taken without a fight because its garrison had no gunpowder, and the fort was renamed
Fort Trinity.
As reprisal, the Dutch — led by governor
Peter Stuyvesant — moved an army to the
Delaware River in the late summer of 1655, leading to the immediate surrender of Fort Trinity and Fort Christina.
The Swedish and Finnish settlers continued to enjoy a degree of local autonomy, having their own militia, religion, court, and lands.
This status lasted officially until the
England conquest of the New Netherland colony, in October
1663-1664, and continued unofficially until the area was included in William Penn's charter for Pennsylvania, in 1682. During this later period some immigration and expansion continued. The first settlement and Fort Wicaco were built on the present site of Philadelphia in 1669.
The historian H. A. Barton has suggested that the greatest significance of New Sweden was the strong and long-lasting interest in North America that the colony generated in Sweden.Barton,
A Folk Divided, 5—7.
America was seen as the standard-bearer of Age of Enlightenment and Freedom (political), and became the ideal of
liberal Swedes. Admiration for America was combined with the notion of a past Swedish Golden Age, whose ancient Nordic countries ideals had supposedly been corrupted by foreign influences.Recovering the purity of these timeless values in the
New World was a fundamental theme of Swedish, and later
Swedish-American, discussion of America.
Since the imaginary Golden Age answered to shifting needs and ideals, the "timeless values" varied over time, and so did the Swedish idea of the new land. In the 17th and 18th centuries, North America stood for the rights of
conscience and religious freedom.
In the political turmoil of 19th-century Europe, the focus of interest shifted to American respect for honest toil and to the virtues of republican government. In the early 20th century, the Swedish-American dream even embraced the
Welfare State ideal of a society responsible for the well-being of all its citizens. By contrast, America became later in the 20th century the symbol and dream of ultimate individualism.
A massive Swedish immigration to the United States was not to emerge until 1870-1910, most notably to Minnesota, with a total of over a million Swedes moving. With the exceptions of Germany, Ireland and
Norway, no other European country has had a higher percentage of its population move to North America.
List of governors
All Governors lived at Fort Christina, except
Johan Björnsson Printz who lived at Fort New Gothenborg.
Forts
- Fort Christina, now Wilmington, Delaware, Delaware 1638-1655
- Fort New Gothenborg, now Essington, Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania 1643-1655
- Fort New Korsholm, now Southwest Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 1647-1653
- Fort Nya Elfsborg, now near Salem, New Jersey 1643-1651
- Fort Casimir, now New Castle, Delaware, Delaware 1654-1655
Permanent settlements
- Christina, now Wilmington, Delaware 1638
- Finland (Chamassungh), now Trainer, Pennsylvania 1641
- Upland, now Chester, Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania 1641
- Printztorp, now Chester, Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania 1643
- Tequirassy, now Eddystone, Pennsylvania 1643
- Tinicum Township, Delaware County, Pennsylvania 1643
- Province (Manaiping) Island, in the Schuylkill River, now Southwest Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 1643
- Minqua's Island, now Southwest Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 1643
- Kingsessing (Nya Vasa), now Southwest Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 1644
- Mölndal, now Yeadon, Pennsylvania 1645
- Torne (Aronameck), now West Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 1647
- The Sidoland, now Wilmington, Delaware, Delaware 1654
- Timber Island, now Wilmington, Delaware, Delaware 1654
- Strandviken, now Wilmington, Delaware, Delaware 1654
- Ammansland, now Darby, Pennsylvania 1654
Rivers and creeks
Notes
References
- Barton, H. Arnold (1994). A Folk Divided: Homeland Swedes and Swedish Americans, 1840—1940. Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis.
See also
External links
- A Brief History of New Sweden in America, at The Swedish Colonial Society
- The New Sweden Centre
New Sweden, or
Nya Sverige, was a small
Sweden settlement along the
Delaware River on the Mid-Atlantic coast of North America. It was centered at Fort Christina, now in
Wilmington, Delaware, Delaware, and included parts of the present-day United States states of Delaware,
New Jersey, and
Pennsylvania. The settlement was founded March 29, 1638, and was incorporated into
Netherlands New Netherland on
September 15, 1655. Along with
Swedish people, a large number of the settlers were
Finnish people and
Dutch people.
History
and war ensign, version used until the mid-1600s.By the middle of the 17th century, the
Realm of Sweden had reached its greatest territorial extent and was one of the great powers of Europe. Sweden then included
Swedish Finland and Swedish Estonia along with parts of modern Swedish Ingria,
Swedish Pomerania,
Bremen-Verden and Swedish Livonia. The Swedes sought to expand their influence by creating an agricultural (tobacco) and fur-trading colony to bypass France and Great Britain merchants. The
New Sweden Company was chartered and included Swedish, Dutch and German stockholders.
The first Swedish expedition to North America embarked from the port of Gothenburg in late 1637. It was organized and overseen by Admiral
Clas Fleming (admiral), an ethnic
Swede from Finland. A Dutchman,
Samuel Blommaert, assisted the fitting-out and appointed
Peter Minuit to lead the expedition.
The members of the expedition, aboard the ships
Fogel Grip and
Kalmar Nyckel, sailed into
Delaware Bay, which lay within the territory claimed by the Netherlands, passing
Cape May and Cape Henlopen in late March 1638, and anchored at a rocky point on the
Minquas Kill that is known today as Swedes' Landing. They built a fort on the present site of the city of
Wilmington, Delaware, which they named Fort Christina, after Queen
Christina of Sweden.
In the following years, 600
Swedes (and also a number of
Dutchmen and Germans in Swedish service) settled in the area. In actual fact, the settlement constituted an invasion of New Netherland, since the river and the land in question had previously been explored and claimed for that colony.
Peter Minuit was to become the first governor of the newly established colony of New Sweden. Having been the Director of the
Dutch West India Company, and the predecessor of then-Director
William Kieft, Minuit knew the status of the lands on either side of the Delaware River at that time. He knew that the Dutch had established deeds for the lands east of the river (New Jersey), but not for the lands to the west (Maryland, Delaware, and Pennsylvania).
Minuit made good on his appointment by landing on the west bank of the river, gathered the chiefs of the local Native American Tribes, held a conclave in his cabin on the
Kalmar Nyckel, and persuaded them to sign some deeds he had prepared for the purpose to solve any issue with the Dutch.
The segment of land he purchased from the Chiefs included the land on the west side of the South River from just below the Schuylkill River; in other words, today's
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, southeast Pennsylvania, Delaware, and Maryland.
Director Kieft objected to the landing of the Swedes, but Minuit ignored his missive because he knew that the Dutch were militarily impotent at the moment. Minuit finished Fort Christina during
1638, then departed to return to
Stockholm, Sweden for a second load, and made a side trip to the Caribbean to pick up a shipment of tobacco for resale in Europe to make the voyage profitable. Minuit died while on this voyage during a
tropical cyclone at
Saint Kitts in the Caribbean.
Thus, the official duties of the first governor of New Sweden were carried out by Lieutenant (then raised to the rank of Captain) Måns Nilsson Kling, until the next governor was chosen and brought in from the mainland Sweden, two years later. Shorto, Russell,
The Island at the Center of the World, Part II; Chapter 6; Pages 115-117.
In
1643 the company expanded along the river from Fort Christina, and established
Fort Nya Elfsborg on the north bank near present-day Salem, New Jersey. In May 1654, the Dutch Fort Casimir was captured by soldiers from the New Sweden colony led by governor
Johan Rising. The fort was taken without a fight because its garrison had no gunpowder, and the fort was renamed Fort Trinity.
As reprisal, the Dutch — led by governor
Peter Stuyvesant — moved an army to the
Delaware River in the late summer of 1655, leading to the immediate surrender of Fort Trinity and Fort Christina.
The Swedish and Finnish settlers continued to enjoy a degree of local autonomy, having their own militia, religion, court, and lands.
This status lasted officially until the England conquest of the New Netherland colony, in October
1663-1664, and continued unofficially until the area was included in
William Penn's charter for Pennsylvania, in 1682. During this later period some immigration and expansion continued. The first settlement and
Fort Wicaco were built on the present site of Philadelphia in
1669.
The historian
H. A. Barton has suggested that the greatest significance of New Sweden was the strong and long-lasting interest in North America that the colony generated in Sweden.Barton,
A Folk Divided, 5—7.
America was seen as the standard-bearer of
Age of Enlightenment and
Freedom (political), and became the ideal of liberal Swedes. Admiration for America was combined with the notion of a past Swedish Golden Age, whose ancient Nordic countries ideals had supposedly been corrupted by foreign influences.Recovering the purity of these timeless values in the
New World was a fundamental theme of Swedish, and later
Swedish-American, discussion of America.
Since the imaginary Golden Age answered to shifting needs and ideals, the "timeless values" varied over time, and so did the Swedish idea of the new land. In the 17th and 18th centuries, North America stood for the rights of conscience and
religious freedom.
In the political turmoil of 19th-century Europe, the focus of interest shifted to American respect for honest toil and to the virtues of republican government. In the early 20th century, the Swedish-American dream even embraced the Welfare State ideal of a society responsible for the well-being of all its citizens. By contrast, America became later in the 20th century the symbol and dream of ultimate individualism.
A massive Swedish immigration to the United States was not to emerge until 1870-1910, most notably to
Minnesota, with a total of over a million Swedes moving. With the exceptions of
Germany, Ireland and
Norway, no other European country has had a higher percentage of its population move to North America.
List of governors
All Governors lived at Fort Christina, except
Johan Björnsson Printz who lived at Fort New Gothenborg.
Forts
- Fort Christina, now Wilmington, Delaware, Delaware 1638-1655
- Fort New Gothenborg, now Essington, Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania 1643-1655
- Fort New Korsholm, now Southwest Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 1647-1653
- Fort Nya Elfsborg, now near Salem, New Jersey 1643-1651
- Fort Casimir, now New Castle, Delaware, Delaware 1654-1655
Permanent settlements
- Christina, now Wilmington, Delaware 1638
- Finland (Chamassungh), now Trainer, Pennsylvania 1641
- Upland, now Chester, Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania 1641
- Printztorp, now Chester, Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania 1643
- Tequirassy, now Eddystone, Pennsylvania 1643
- Tinicum Township, Delaware County, Pennsylvania 1643
- Province (Manaiping) Island, in the Schuylkill River, now Southwest Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 1643
- Minqua's Island, now Southwest Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 1643
- Kingsessing (Nya Vasa), now Southwest Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 1644
- Mölndal, now Yeadon, Pennsylvania 1645
- Torne (Aronameck), now West Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 1647
- The Sidoland, now Wilmington, Delaware, Delaware 1654
- Timber Island, now Wilmington, Delaware, Delaware 1654
- Strandviken, now Wilmington, Delaware, Delaware 1654
- Ammansland, now Darby, Pennsylvania 1654
Rivers and creeks
Notes
References
- Barton, H. Arnold (1994). A Folk Divided: Homeland Swedes and Swedish Americans, 1840—1940. Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis.
See also
External links
- A Brief History of New Sweden in America, at The Swedish Colonial Society
- The New Sweden Centre
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